One approach is to establish a single network-wide address space in which all code and data reside, and then design an operating system specifically to run in this environment. The fundamental issue is how to structure an operating system so that it provides a simple program development environment and high performance in a computer system that supports a very large address space where address space conservation is no longer a driving issue. Because current process-oriented operating systems and their underlying page-based protection model were designed to conserve virtual addresses by reusing them, this four billion-fold increase in address space has led to investigations of alternative models. Recent 64-bit microprocessors have made a huge 18.4 quintillion byte address space potentially available to applications and the operating system.
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